Enterobius vermicularis, commonly referred to as "pinworm," "seatworm," or "threadworm," is an intestinal nematode and the primary agent that causes human enterobiasis, also known as oxyuriasis. This chapter will focus on the detection and management of pinworm infection, because it is the most common worm infestation in the United States and is the only helminthic infection for which a nonprescription medication has been approved for treatment. This infection is most common in temperate regions of